Today's Facts of the Day

Audubon
John James Audubon (1785-1851) was a youngster growing up in France when he developed an interest in drawing birds. At 18, he was sent to the United States to avoid having to serve in the army and he became fascinated with North American birds - which he studied from Florida to Labrador in Canada. In 1824, he started to consider publishing the exquisite drawings but was advised to seek a European publisher because the methods for printing the drawings were more advanced there. The engraver Robert Havell of London undertook the project and published the four-volume The Birds of America with its 435 hand-colored plates between 1827-1838. The Audubon Society was founded in 1905. Although Audubon had no role in the organization that bears his name, there is a connection: George Bird Grinnell, one of the founders of the early Audubon Society in the late 1800s, was tutored by Lucy Audubon, John James's widow.

Morse Code
There are actually two codes called "Morse Code," though Samuel F.B. Morse invented only one (during the 1830s) - which was for telegraphy. The second one, a variant that proved simpler and more precise than the original, the International Morse Code (or Continental Morse Code), was devised in 1851 and it is the one with which we are familiar. In both, dots, dashes, and spaces represent the alphabet, numerals, and punctuation marks. Except for some minor changes in 1938, the International Morse Code has stayed the same and is still used for certain types of radiotelegraphy, like amateur radio.

Biological Clock
In 1994, researchers at Northwestern University announced the discovery of the so-called biological clock. It is purported to be a gene that governs the daily cycle of waking and sleeping called the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythms are patterns seen in virtually all animals and plants. These rhythms are controlled by biological clocks - which are not perfect timekeepers. When there is an absence of external clues, as is the case in long airplane flights that cause jet lag - the rhythms tend to get off course and need to be reset. Light seems to be the key to reset many biological clocks - specifically, blue light. That is why jet lag can be helped by exposure to sunlight.

Arbor Day
Arbor Day is a day to honor and plant trees and its celebration (the last Friday in April, though dates can differ due to local climate) is generally a good time for planting trees in the U.S. J. Sterling Morton, the U.S. secretary of agriculture under President Grover Cleveland (1893-1897) was the founder of Arbor Day. An early proponent of forestation, Morton urged Nebraska, where he lived, to set aside a day to encourage the planting of trees. The holiday was first observed in April 1872 and was very successful; more than a million trees were planted on that first Arbor Day.

Bugs Bunny
Bugs Bunny debuted in 1938 in the theatrical short "Porky's Hare Hunt." Chuck Jones and Tex Avery further developed the character to ask, "What's up, Doc?" in 1940, when he also kissed his foe, Elmer Fudd. The rabbit's noisy munching on carrots was based on Clark Gable's carrot chewing in the movie It Happened One Night (1934).